In 2012, the JOBS Act fundamentally transformed the range of investment options available to small investors. The legislation relaxed restrictions on certain classes of real estate investments that could formerly be purchased only by individuals with a high net worth.1
Today, the JOBS Act has led to the emergence of an entire industry formed around the concept of small investors pooling their capital to purchase real estate. You can capitalize on these recent legislative changes by understanding how crowdfunding is disrupting the real estate industry.
What Is Real Estate Crowdfunding?
Real estate crowdfunding enables groups of small investors to purchase properties without having to use a traditional investment vehicle, such as real estate investment trust or offshore corporation. Crowdfunded properties can be purchased with mortgage financing at ordinary interest rates. There is no limit to the number of investors who can own a stake in a crowdfunded property. In practice, investors can take part in an opportunity with only a $5,000 minimum investment.2
The specifics of what an investor actually owns by holding a share in a crowdfunded deal can vary between crowdfunding providers. However, many platforms create a new limited liability company for each property so that investors can own a real equity stake while still allowing for organizational flexibility. Many crowdfunding platforms have successfully closed thousands of deals, so they have the resources and experience to ensure that new entities, mortgages, and organizational documents are legally sound.
Benefits for Investors
The main benefit of crowdfunding for investors is that it enables participation in the marketplace without the necessity of astronomical net worth. According to recent research, the compounded annual growth rate of property investments was 8.7 percent over the 20-year period between 1997 and 2017. In contrast, the S&P 500 yielded just 5.5 per annum over the same period.3 By enabling investors to participate in real estate opportunities at an earlier point in life, crowdfunding can help investors to accumulate wealth at a faster rate than with ordinary stocks and bonds.
Some of the additional benefits of real estate crowdfunding include:
- Tax advantages: Although the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 reduced some of the tax advantages associated with owning real estate, major deductions, such as depreciation allowances and business interest deductions, can still be claimed when your real estate investments are structured properly. Crowdfunding platforms structure investments so that your pro rata share of deductions will pass through to you personally to reduce the taxable income of your investment portfolio as a whole.
- Plenty of data: When purchasing real estate in a competitive environment, the key to success is having better data than other players in the marketplace. Many crowdfunding platforms provide their clients with all available data from public sources. Additionally, operating agreements often guarantee the right to audit accounts and receive routine financial statements.
- Low capital requirements: You can get into most crowdfunded real estate investment opportunities without a significant lump sum of capital. Since the capital requirements are so low, you can easily set aside and invest a portion of each paycheck you receive. For people who lack enormous amounts of liquidity, low capital requirements make investing feasible and affordable.
- Diverse asset classes: When you invest in crowdfunded real estate, you do not have to only invest in small residential properties. Many condominium projects, corporate parks, and other commercial projects are available to small investors who use crowdfunding platforms. You can, therefore, invest your money into a diverse range of properties to reduce risks and gain exposure to a wider range of opportunities.
Disadvantages of Crowdfunding
There are few disadvantages to crowdfunding since many opportunities would not exist in the absence of the JOBS Act. Investors should, however, be aware that there are some drawbacks that could make crowdfunding less advantageous in certain situations.
Some of the downsides of crowdfunding include:
- Illiquid investment opportunities: Most retail investors expect the ability to easily sell off their holdings in a matter of seconds using online exchanges. Unfortunately, crowdfunded shares can take months to sell to another investor because they are not readily traded on public securities exchanges. However, many investors see the illiquid nature of crowdfunded properties as an advantage because these investments do not have to be accounted for on a mark-to-market basis.
- Limited active shareholder oversight: If you are the type of investor who prefers to get involved personally in day-to-day operations, crowdfunding might not be the best option for you. Investments are structured in a way where management is delegated to third parties that take sole responsibility for active property management. If you want to get involved on the active side of a crowdfunded property investment, you may want to consider using crowdfunding platforms to market your own investment opportunities rather than acting only as a passive investor.4
- No distribution requirements: Ordinary REITs offer steady returns because they are legally required to distribute 90 percent of their taxable income to shareholders. Crowdfunded investment vehicles, on the other hand, are free to reinvest and distribute earnings with no restrictions, so you may experience greater cash flow volatility.5
Best Investment Platforms
The JOBS Act provides broad flexibility for crowdfunding providers, so you will need to do your due diligence to investigate a prospective platform beforehand. In recent years, the crowdfunding industry has been increasingly characterized by high market fragmentation. Therefore, you should look for a provider that focuses on serving investors with needs similar to your own.
Realty Mogul
Realty Mogul was one of the first players to enter the crowdfunding market in 2013. The provider focuses on working closely with both individual and institutional investors so that investment decisions do not have to be made blindly. Most of Realty Mogul’s investments involve properties that have already been leased to a tenant on a long-term basis, so the provider’s products are able to provide relatively steady returns.
Fundrise
Fundrise is another major provider with crowdfunded investments available to non-accredited investors. Most of the properties offered by Fundrise can be purchased with just $5,000 in capital. However, the low capital requirements of Fundrise investments do not cheapen the quality of available investment opportunities since major projects, including the new World Trade Center, have been available on Fundrise’s platform.
Groundbreaker
Groundbreaker is another major player to consider as a small investor since it works with real estate companies from start to finish. Its investment offerings are, therefore, more reliable since the crowdfunding provider itself takes an active role in managing properties and working with developers. On the investment side, Groundbreaker focuses on streamlining the investment process so that you can make informed decisions without having to do any dirty work.6
How to Invest Wisely
As with all investments, crowdfunded real estate entails a degree of risk. However, you can greatly reduce the risk associated with crowdfunded investments by doing your due diligence to study a prospective platform and its offerings before committing your capital. You should also make sure that you understand the projected liquidity schedule of an investment to avoid experiencing a cash flow shortage. Finally, make sure that you diversify your portfolio to avoid incurring more risk than you can afford.
If you invest wisely, crowdfunded real estate can offer a high return investment to get you closer to a prosperous retirement.
